Types of Sources
When you have a research assignment, the first step is to thoroughly read through all of the assignment details. Pay close attention to what types of sources are required. Some common source types are listed below.
Scholarly Article
A scholarly article is an article written by researchers or experts in the field to inform readers about the results of research and related issues. They are reviewed by other experts in the same field, are usually published in scholarly journals, and contain lists of references. In most databases, you can limit your search to scholarly, peer-reviewed, or refereed journals to find scholarly articles.
Watch this 3-minute video on Peer Review Links to an external site. for more information by NCSU.
Professional/Trade Article
A professional or trade article is an article written by a professional or a staff writer in the field. They are written to inform those working within a particular field about relevant news, trends, and information, and they often appear in trade magazines or journals. These articles often do not contain lists of references.
Popular Article
A popular article is an article written by a journalist or staff writer for the general public either to inform or entertain. They often appear in sources such as magazines or newspapers, and are usually produced for the purpose of making a profit.
Primary Source
A primary source is a source that is an original, first-hand, or direct account or record from a time period, place, or person. In the sciences, these may be original research articles and are often referred to as empirical studies. An example of a primary source are the court proceedings surrounding the trial of Ted Bundy.
See our Research Guide on Primary Sources Links to an external site. for more information.
Secondary Source
A secondary source is a source that is one step removed from the event being studied and analyzes or draws upon primary sources. For example, the documentary movie and mini-series about Ted Bundy were made years after his trial and are therefore considered secondary sources.
| Information Need | Possible Sources |
|---|---|
| Expert evidence | Scholarly articles, books, or statistical data |
| Public or individual opinion | Newspapers, magazines, or credible websites |
| Basic facts about an event | Encyclopedias, books, or newspapers |
| Eyewitness accounts | Newspapers, primary sources, or special collections |
| Information about a current event | Websites, newspapers, or magazines |
| Local information | Newspapers, websites, or books |
| Information from professionals working in a field | Professional trade journals |